the people

The Northern Paiute and Tenino (Warm Springs) people have inhabited the area for thousands of years. Smith Rock was considered a sacred place, rich in natural resources. Native Americans utilized the park's resources for hunting, gathering, and medicinal purposes. Native American tribes have passed down oral traditions and legends associated with the land, reflecting their deep connection to the natural world. The origin of the iconic rock climbing area known as Monkey Face is known to the Paiute tribe as "Nuwuzo'ho," meaning "giant monster that eats people."

Traditional knowledge of plant and animal behavior guided seasonal migrations and land management practices

Later, Smith Rock served as a landmark for pioneers traveling the Oregon Trail in the mid-1800s. The park's location provided a natural crossing point over the Crooked River. Historical accounts and diaries from settlers mention the imposing rock formations.